{"id":1953,"date":"2012-09-28T21:39:04","date_gmt":"2012-09-28T21:39:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/testpreparations.com\/help\/?p=1953"},"modified":"2014-12-02T08:32:00","modified_gmt":"2014-12-02T08:32:00","slug":"act-sciences-electrons-and-quantum-numbers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/schooltutoring.com\/help\/act-sciences-electrons-and-quantum-numbers\/","title":{"rendered":"ACT Sciences: Electrons and Quantum Numbers"},"content":{"rendered":"

Quantum numbers allow a new model to explain the emission spectra of elements with more than 1 electron. There are 4 quantum numbers: n, l, ml<\/sub> and ms.<\/sub> The first 3 numbers describe the orbitals and the last one describes the number of electrons that can be in the orbital.<\/p>\n

Principal Quantum Number (n)<\/h5>\n

– Describes the main energy level and size of the orbital<\/p>\n

– The larger n is, the larger the orbital<\/p>\n

– Thus, the greater the probability to find an electron further from the nucleus<\/p>\n

Restrictions: n<\/em>\u00a0= 1, 2, 3, \u2026,\u00a0\u221e<\/p>\n

Secondary (Angular) Quantum Number (l)<\/h5>\n

– Describes the shape of the orbital<\/p>\n

– Divides shells into smaller groups of orbitals called subshells or sublevels, that are identified by a letter<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

l<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Letter<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

s<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

p<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

d<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

f<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u2026<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u2026<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

– As l increases, the energy of the subshell increases (s<p<d<f)<\/p>\n

Restrictions: l<\/em>\u00a0= 0, …,\u00a0n<\/em>-1<\/p>\n

Magnetic Quantum Number (ml<\/sub>)<\/h5>\n

– Describes the orientation in space of the orbital<\/p>\n

Restrictions: ml<\/sub><\/em>\u00a0= –l<\/em>, …, 0, …, +l<\/em><\/p>\n

Spin Quantum Number (ms<\/sub>)<\/strong><\/h5>\n

– Describes the orientation of spin of the electron on its axis<\/p>\n

– 2 electrons can spin in one orbital, one spins one way, the other spins the opposite way<\/p>\n

Restrictions: ms<\/sub><\/em>\u00a0= +\u00bd or -\u00bd.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

This article was written for you by Samantha<\/strong>, one of the tutors with SchoolTutoring Academy<\/span>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Quantum numbers allow a new model to explain the emission spectra of elements with more than 1 electron. There are 4 quantum numbers: n, l, ml and ms. The first 3 numbers describe the orbitals and the last one describes the number of electrons that can be in the orbital. Principal Quantum Number (n) – […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":1954,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2841,16],"tags":[3369,3385],"class_list":["post-1953","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-act","category-science","tag-what-are-quantum-numbers","tag-what-do-the-quantum-numbers-mean"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/schooltutoring.com\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1953","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/schooltutoring.com\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/schooltutoring.com\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/schooltutoring.com\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/schooltutoring.com\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1953"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/schooltutoring.com\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1953\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/schooltutoring.com\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1954"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/schooltutoring.com\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1953"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/schooltutoring.com\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1953"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/schooltutoring.com\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1953"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}