{"id":1750,"date":"2012-06-05T01:39:01","date_gmt":"2012-06-05T01:39:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/schooltutoring.com\/scholarship\/?p=1750"},"modified":"2014-12-02T08:33:44","modified_gmt":"2014-12-02T08:33:44","slug":"elementary-operations-rowcolumn-operations-on-matrices","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/schooltutoring.com\/scholarship\/2012\/06\/05\/elementary-operations-rowcolumn-operations-on-matrices\/","title":{"rendered":"Elementary Operations (Row\/Column Operations) on Matrices"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Row operations:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>a)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <strong>Interchanging of two rows: <\/strong>We can interchange any two rows in a matrix. The interchanging of i<sup>th<\/sup> and j<sup>th<\/sup> rows is symbolically denoted by R<sub>i<\/sub> \u2194 R<sub>j<\/sub>.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" 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\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<p>b)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <strong>Multiplying a row by a scalar: <\/strong>We can multiply any row of a scalar. Multiplying i<sup>th<\/sup> row by a scalar \u2018m\u2019 is symbolically denoted by R<sub>i<\/sub>\u2192mR<sub>i<\/sub>.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"image\/jpeg;base64,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\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<p>c)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <strong>Multiplying a row by a scalar and adding the elements of this row to the corresponding elements of the other row:\u00a0 <\/strong>Multiplying j<sup>th<\/sup> row by a scalar \u2018m\u2019 and adding it to the i<sup>th <\/sup>row is symbolically denoted by R<sub>i<\/sub>\u2192R<sub>i<\/sub>+mR<sub>j<\/sub><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" 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alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Column operations:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>a)<strong> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Interchanging of two columns: <\/strong>We can interchange any two columns in a matrix. The interchanging of i<sup>th<\/sup> and j<sup>th<\/sup> columns is symbolically denoted by C<sub>i<\/sub> \u2194 C<sub>j<\/sub>.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"image\/jpeg;base64,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\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<p>b)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <strong>Multiplying a column by a scalar: <\/strong>We can multiply any column of a scalar. Multiplying i<sup>th<\/sup> column by a scalar \u2018m\u2019 is symbolically denoted by C<sub>i<\/sub>\u2192mC<sub>i<\/sub>.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"image\/jpeg;base64,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\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<p>c)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <strong>Multiplying a column by a scalar and adding the elements of this column to the corresponding elements of the other column:\u00a0 <\/strong>Multiplying j<sup>th<\/sup> column by a scalar \u2018m\u2019 and adding it to the i<sup>th <\/sup>column is symbolically denoted by C<sub>i<\/sub>\u2192C<sub>i<\/sub>+mC<sub>j.<\/sub><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" 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alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Row operations: a)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Interchanging of two rows: We can interchange any two rows in a matrix. The interchanging of ith and jth rows is symbolically denoted by Ri \u2194 Rj. b)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Multiplying a row by a scalar: We can multiply any row of a scalar. Multiplying ith row by a scalar \u2018m\u2019 is symbolically denoted [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[42,313,573,949,1249,1570,1587],"class_list":["post-1750","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-algebra","tag-add","tag-column","tag-elementary","tag-interchange","tag-operations","tag-row","tag-scalar"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/schooltutoring.com\/scholarship\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1750","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/schooltutoring.com\/scholarship\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/schooltutoring.com\/scholarship\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/schooltutoring.com\/scholarship\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/19"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/schooltutoring.com\/scholarship\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1750"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/schooltutoring.com\/scholarship\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1750\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/schooltutoring.com\/scholarship\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1750"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/schooltutoring.com\/scholarship\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1750"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/schooltutoring.com\/scholarship\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1750"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}