{"id":6235,"date":"2013-07-26T02:24:11","date_gmt":"2013-07-26T02:24:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/schooltutoring.com\/scholarship\/?p=6235"},"modified":"2014-12-02T08:26:59","modified_gmt":"2014-12-02T08:26:59","slug":"a-biology-review-of-mutations","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/schooltutoring.com\/scholarship\/2013\/07\/26\/a-biology-review-of-mutations\/","title":{"rendered":"A Biology Review of Mutations"},"content":{"rendered":"

Overview:\u00a0 What Are Mutations?<\/strong>
\nAlthough the process of DNA transmission and replication is usually flawless in the next generation of cells, sometimes there are coding errors. \u00a0\u00a0These errors pass on and are expressed in the next generation.\u00a0 Sometimes they involve a single gene, and sometimes they involve an entire chromosome.\u00a0 They are called mutations.<\/p>\n

What Are Gene Mutations?<\/strong>
\nThe most common types of mutations involve a single gene.\u00a0 If one base is changed in the entire sequence, so that a different amino acid is produced or a different enzyme is added, the difference could be trivial, or it could be important to the organism’s survival and characteristics.\u00a0 The condition albinism is caused by a mutation, so that organisms cannot produce pigments.\u00a0 Albino animals have pinkish eyes and colorless hair, among other characteristics. and some albino plants, lacking chlorophyll, will not be able to create energy by photosynthesis.<\/p>\n

What Are Chromosome Mutations?<\/strong>
\nBy contrast, chromosome mutations often involve more than a single gene, as an entire chromosome controls a variety of traits.\u00a0 Many of these mutations may be harmful or even lethal.\u00a0\u00a0 If an entire chromosome is lost or breaks (a process called deletion) the most serious effects occur.\u00a0 If part of the chromosome in the middle is separated and then recombines with the rest of the chromosome (a process called inversion), the effects aren’t as severe, as the entire chromosome is there.\u00a0 If the change is across two chromosomes (a process called translocation) a number of harmful effects occur.<\/p>\n

What Are Germ Cell Mutations?<\/strong>
\nGerm cell mutations occur within reproductive cells.\u00a0 In that case, they will not appear in that generation, but the mutations will affect offspring, sometimes after generations, as the mutations are copied from cell to cell.\u00a0\u00a0 These mutations can be in any part of the genetic code so they can have a range of effects.<\/p>\n

What Are Somatic Cell Mutations?<\/strong>
\nSomatic cell mutations occur in the organism itself, rather than in the reproductive cells.\u00a0 These types of mutations are not passed on to offspring.\u00a0 The mutant cell within the organism will pass on the mutation as that cell reproduces within the organism.\u00a0 Some somatic mutations can result in cancers, if the mutation causes the cell itself to reproduce without control and create a tumor.\u00a0 Many types of UV radiation, carcinogens in tobacco smoke, and other chemicals can increase the rate of harmful mutations such as cancers.<\/p>\n

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Overview:\u00a0 What Are Mutations? Although the process of DNA transmission and replication is usually flawless in the next generation of cells, sometimes there are coding errors. \u00a0\u00a0These errors pass on and are expressed in the next generation.\u00a0 Sometimes they involve a single gene, and sometimes they involve an entire chromosome.\u00a0 They are called mutations. What […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":22,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[282,720,735,1695],"class_list":["post-6235","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-biology","tag-chromosome-mutations","tag-gene-mutations","tag-germ-cell-mutations","tag-somatic-cell-mutations"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/schooltutoring.com\/scholarship\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6235","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/schooltutoring.com\/scholarship\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/schooltutoring.com\/scholarship\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/schooltutoring.com\/scholarship\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/22"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/schooltutoring.com\/scholarship\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6235"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/schooltutoring.com\/scholarship\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6235\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/schooltutoring.com\/scholarship\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6235"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/schooltutoring.com\/scholarship\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6235"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/schooltutoring.com\/scholarship\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6235"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}