{"id":8842,"date":"2016-02-13T21:56:48","date_gmt":"2016-02-13T21:56:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/schooltutoring.com\/scholarship\/?p=8842"},"modified":"2016-03-07T13:13:25","modified_gmt":"2016-03-07T13:13:25","slug":"science-review-of-hydrogen-isotopes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/schooltutoring.com\/scholarship\/2016\/02\/13\/science-review-of-hydrogen-isotopes\/","title":{"rendered":"Science Review of Hydrogen Isotopes"},"content":{"rendered":"

Overview<\/h3>\n

The element hydrogen is the lightest of all elements in the periodic table, with one proton in its nucleus. It is also the most abundant element in the universe.\u00a0 Hydrogen has 3 naturally occurring isotopes, although others have been produced experimentally.<\/p>\n

Hydrogen<\/h3>\n

The most common form of hydrogen has one proton in its nucleus and no neutrons.\u00a0 It occurs over 99% of the time, often in common compounds on Earth such as H2<\/sub>O, or water.\u00a0 At room temperature, hydrogen gas itself is colorless, odorless, highly reactive, and flammable.\u00a0 It forms explosive reactions with other elements such as the oxygen in the air and chlorine.<\/p>\n

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Deuterium<\/h3>\n

Deuterium is a stable isotope of hydrogen, containing one proton and one neutron in its nucleus. It is twice as heavy as the common form of hydrogen.\u00a0 Most often on Earth, highly concentrated deuterium occurs in a form of water called \u201cheavy water\u201d, because water containing deuterium atoms is heavier and more viscous than ordinary water.\u00a0 For example, ice made of heavy water sinks rather than floats in regular water.\u00a0 Since some occurs naturally, it can be separated out by various processes and is often used commercially to cool nuclear reactors.<\/p>\n

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Tritium<\/h3>\n

The tritium atom contains one proton and 2 neutrons.\u00a0 It occurs naturally in the upper atmosphere by cosmic rays striking hydrogen molecules.\u00a0 Like deuterium, some tritium atoms find their way into chemical reactions with oxygen to form water.\u00a0 However, tritium is radioactive, with a half-life of about 12.32 years.\u00a0 Its natural decay gives scientists a way to measure the age of groundwater, since some water containing tritium falls as rain.\u00a0 Water that has fallen over 100 years ago contains no radioactive tritium, but more recent rainfall does.<\/p>\n

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Hydrogen in Space<\/h3>\n

Free hydrogen exists in interstellar clouds.\u00a0 Most stars consist of hydrogen plasma, used in nuclear fusion reactions.\u00a0 Deuterium has been found in the solar corona, spectroscopic observations of other stars, as well as in the atmospheres of Jupiter and Venus.\u00a0 Some comets, such as Halley\u2019s Comet and Comet Hale-Bopp, have a high proportion of deuterium.\u00a0 Scientists theorize that some of the water on Earth may have come from comets and asteroids striking its surface.<\/p>\n

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Overview The element hydrogen is the lightest of all elements in the periodic table, with one proton in its nucleus. It is also the most abundant element in the universe.\u00a0 Hydrogen has 3 naturally occurring isotopes, although others have been produced experimentally. Hydrogen The most common form of hydrogen has one proton in its nucleus […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":22,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[3886,3885,3887],"class_list":["post-8842","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-chemistry","tag-deuterium","tag-hydrogen","tag-tritium"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/schooltutoring.com\/scholarship\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8842","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/schooltutoring.com\/scholarship\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/schooltutoring.com\/scholarship\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/schooltutoring.com\/scholarship\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/22"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/schooltutoring.com\/scholarship\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8842"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/schooltutoring.com\/scholarship\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8842\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/schooltutoring.com\/scholarship\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8842"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/schooltutoring.com\/scholarship\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8842"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/schooltutoring.com\/scholarship\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8842"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}