Overview Many common substances exist as solutions, such as the air we breathe, the water that surrounds us, and brass instruments. Solutions are mixtures of two or more substances that…
read moreOverview Many chemical reactions involve heat energy. They either release energy in the form of heat, or absorb energy in the form of heat from the environment. Exothermic and Endothermic…
read moreOverview Symmetrical molecules tend to follow basic structural shapes, such as linear, planar, tetrahedral, pyramidal, and bent. Some molecules also exhibit polarity, which gives them a distinct positive or negative…
read moreOverview Reaction rates in chemistry are based on how fast that reactants turn into products. Some of the elements that affect reaction rates include the nature of the chemicals that…
read moreOverview: When in a chemistry lab or just writing a test, many students struggle with how to create a solution of known concentration. Students find it difficult because they try…
read moreOverview: Balancing REDOX reactions can be more difficult than balancing any normal equation; however, there are steps that you can take to ensure that you do it correctly and end…
read moreOverview: Chemical reactions occur when two or more elements are introduced to each other. A few molecular and atomic rearrangements occur in order to change our products. There are 5…
read moreOverview Some chemical elements use ionic bonds to form compounds. Those compounds use electrical attraction between elements to maintain chemical bonds, and rules govern which elements gain or lose electrons. …
read moreOverview: Many chemical compounds are not formed by ionic bonds, but by covalent bonds, where a number of elements share the same electrons. Compounds that are formed by covalent bonds…
read moreOverview: Atoms and molecules are so tiny that scientists do not usually measure how many of them are needed in a chemical reaction atom by atom or molecule by molecule. …
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