Rational numbers
A rational number is any real number that can be written as a ratio, that is, it can be written as a fraction. A rational number can be expressed as terminating or repeating decimal. A rational number can be a natural number, decimal number, whole number, integer, mixed number or a fraction.
Examples:
7 is a rational number as it can be written as the fraction 7/1.
3/2, -5, 3.6425 are rational numbers
√9 is a rational number as 9 is perfect square and can be expressed as -3 and +3.
Irrational numbers
An irrational number can be written as a decimal, but not as a fraction. It has endless non-repeating digits. Many square roots, cube roots, etc are irrational
Examples:
π = 3.141592654……..
e = 2.718281828459….
√2 = 1.4142135623
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