Pollution control is the management of waste materials in order to reduce the effect of pollution on people and environment. Conservation and protection of the environment and its components like air, water, forests and wildlife are controlled through several international laws. In addition to these laws, each country has executed its own laws for the conservation of environment. A fundamental duty of every citizen is to protect and improve their natural environment.
Air pollution control:
Solutions include growing more trees, the government not allowing the cutting down of forests. Fuels like wood, coal and kerosene should not be used. Filters in the chimney help trap particles that try to escape with gases.
Water pollution control:
The chemical waste released from factories should be treated to neutralize its harmful effects. Sewage should be physically and chemically treated before being released into rivers. Many of the waste products that are released from factories can be recycled and used.
Soil pollution control:
Care should be taken not to use fertilizers and pesticides in excess. Use of organic manure and compost should be encouraged. These include excreta of animals and dead and decaying organic matter. Plastics and metals are not easily broken down by soil bacteria.
Effect of human activities on the environment:
Some of the ways human activities are upsetting the balance of nature and polluting the environment are:
Trees have been cut down to construct buildings and make room for the growing population. As a result, the proportion of carbon dioxide is increasing and the proportion of oxygen is decreasing.
- Factories are being set up to fulfill the needs of the people. Factories release carbon dioxide, along with poisonous gases like sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide into the air. This further decreases the proportion of oxygen in the air.
- Chemical wastes from factories are being poured into rivers and seas. The harmful chemicals enter the bodies of aquatic animals and make them unfit for man to eat.
- More and more vehicles are being put on roads. The exhaust fumes of vehicles contain poisonous carbon monoxide which is released into the air.
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