Perfect tense is formed by using the appropriate tense and form of the verb “to have,” followed by the past participle form of a verb. Except for irregular verbs, the past participle is usually that form of the verb ending in “-ed.” The progressive form of perfect tense verbs is constructed similarly, but done so to accommodate the ‘present participle’ form of a verb – the form ending in “-ing.” The following are explanations and examples of present, past, and future perfect tense verb forms.
Present Perfect Tense indicates an action began in the past but continues, or is completed in the present.
- Many people have wondered about the the origins of the English language.
- The English language has baffled many non-native speakers.
- Non-native speakers have been struggling with the English language. (progressive)
- The English language has been baffling to many non-native speakers. (progressive)
Past Perfect Tense indicates an action began in the past and also, was completed in the past.
- They had arranged for appropriate accommodations, but were disappointed, nonetheless.
- They had been arranging the tiles in varying combinations for hours, but could not agree on a suitable pattern for the new bathroom floor. (progressive)
Future Perfect Tense indicates an action happening in the future, to be completed in the future at a specific time or before some other action.
- By the time the satellite exits the solar system, it will have traveled more than 1 billion miles through open space.
- When the satellite exits the solar system, it will have been traveling at a speed of 25,000 miles per second for 42 years. (progressive)
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