Overview: Two Major Cell Groups
All cells can be divided into two major cell groups: prokaryotes and eukaryotes. They are divided into those two groups based on whether the cell has a true nucleus and nuclear membrane, as well as important differences in DNA, organelles, the way they move, and functions within the cell.
What Are Prokaryotes?
Prokaryotes are types of cells that lack true nuclei or nuclear membranes. One-celled organisms such as bacteria and blue-green algae are in this group, as well as many other one-celled organisms found as fossils. Their DNA consists of a single molecule, and they lack many different types of organelles. They move differently than more complex types of cells.
What Are Eukaryotes?
Eukaryotes are types of cells that both have true nuclei and nuclear membranes. They are found in more complex, multicellular organisms. Their DNA is contained in chromosomes, and they have many specialized types of organelles. Eukaryotes can be specialized because of their more complex structure and mode of reproduction.
Similarities Between Plant and Animal Cells
Although plants and animals are very different in many ways, their cells are similar. Both plants and animals contain many different types of eukaryotes. Their cells are highly specialized according to their functions within the organism. Both plants and animals are multicellular, and can grow very large because their cells can reproduce multiple times.
Differences between Plant and Animal Cells
Plant and animal cells are different in very specific ways, however. Plant cells have more rigid cell walls and contain large storage structures within them called vacuoles. They also contain plastids, which are special types of organelles that store food or contain pigment such as chlorophyll. Animal cells do not have any of these structures.
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