Overview Mountains form as a result of intense tectonic forces. Mountain chains such as the Andes and the Himalayas rise from the collisions of continental plates, as rocks are folded,…
read moreOverview Although much of the area of the ocean floor is unexplored, scientists have been able to find features that are common to all areas. The landforms that make up…
read moreOverview Rainbows, glories, fogbows, and glassbows are all related phenomena caused by the nature of light. Each color is created by light hitting raindrops or beads of glass. They have…
read moreOverview Global warming refers to the rise in the average temperature of the climate system of the Earth. Some of the energy has resulted in the increase in ocean temperature.…
read moreOverview Human activity has affected the biosphere on Earth as the population has grown to over 7 billion. Some of the most troubling effects include changes to the ozone layer…
read moreOverview Volcanoes on Earth are usually caused when hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases escape from chambers below the crust. Although many volcanic mountains have cones with craters, other types…
read moreOverview Earthquakes are caused when energy is suddenly released in the earth’s crust, so that it shakes and trembles. Most are mild, but some are violent, resulting in massive devastation,…
read moreOverview The planet Earth is not a uniform, cold, solid ball. Scientists believe that as it condensed from the cloud surrounding the sun, it formed in many dynamic layers,…
read moreOverview The planet Earth was once part of the cloud surrounding the sun. Scientists believe that as it condensed and cooled, it formed into layers. The crust is a rocky…
read moreOverview Minerals make up rocks. They are natural rather than synthetic, inorganic, and solid. Minerals have a distinct crystalline structure and chemical composition. Types of Elements The most common elements…
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